Glossary
ACCA – Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
ADR – European Agreement of Transport of Dangerous Goods on Road
AGM – Annual General Meeting of Shareholders
AMDM – Automated Master Data Management
AMS – automated monitoring system
APC – advanced process control system
APG – associated petroleum gas
API Spec – American Petroleum Institute Specification (industry‑focused management system standard for oil and gas service providers and repair organisations)
bbl – barrel
bln – billion(s)
BOSIET – basic offshore safety induction and emergency training
BOSIET – basic offshore safety induction and emergency training
CBAM – Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
CCUS – carbon capture, utilisation and storage
CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project
CEPI – Caspian Environmental Protection Initiative
CFA – Chartered Financial Analyst
CHP – combined heat and power plant
CIA – Certified Internal Auditor
CIMA – Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
CTL – complex technology lines
DipIFR – Diploma in International Financial Reporting
DMAIC – define, measure, analyse, improve, control (approach to sequential problem solving and business process improvement used in production management)
EBITDA – Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation
EDD – electric desalting device
EE – energy efficiency
EOR – enhanced oil recovery
EPC – engineering, procurement, and construction
ESG – environmental, social, and governance
ESP – electric submersible pump unit
FAR – Fatal Accident Rate (fatality rate per 100 million man‑hours)
FCA – Free Carrier
FEED – Front‑End Engineering Design
FGP – Future Growth Project
FPSA – Final Production Sharing Agreement for the Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field, signed on 18 November 1997
FROSIO – world‑renowned member organisation for formulation of quality requirements for surface treatment and insulation inspectors based in Norway
FS – feasibility study
GHG – greenhouse gases
GHGP – Greenhouse Gas Protocol
GJ – Gigajoule
GPP – gas power plant
GPP – gas processing plant
GSU – gas separation unit
GTU – gas treatment unit
HSE – health, safety and environment
ICP Programme – Internal Carbon Pricing Programme
IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards
IOGP – International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
IOSH – Institution of Occupational Safety and Health
IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPMA – International Project Management Association
I‑REC – International Renewable Energy Certificate
ISGOTT – International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
ISO – International Organisation for Standardisation
ITSM – IT service management
IWCF – International Well Control Forum (international non‑profit accreditation, testing, and certification body for oil and gas professionals in safe drilling and well control)
JVA – Joint Venture Agreement
KEBCO – Kazakhstan Export Blend Crude Oil
KEP – Karachaganak Expansion Project
KMGE School – a programme to provide KMG Engineering with personnel in niche areas, involving the selection of undergraduate students
KPC – Karachaganak Processing Complex
KPI – key performance indicators
kW – kilowatt
LDAR – leak detection and repair
LPG – liquefied petroleum gas
LPG – liquefied petroleum gas
LTIR – Lost Time Incident Rate (per 1 million man‑hours)
MES – manufacturing execution system
mln – million(s)
MVCR – Motor Vehicle Crash Rate (per 1 million kilometres driven)
NCS PSA – North Caspian Sea Production Sharing Agreement of 18 November 1997
NEBOSH – National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health
NGL – natural gas liquids
NOx – nitrogen oxides
NWRF – non‑work‑related fatality
OGMP 2.0 – Oil & Gas Methane Partnership 2.0
OHSAS – Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OPITO – Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organisation
PET – polyethylene terephthalate
PMP – Project Management Professional certification
PQ – pre‑qualification
Pre‑FEED – Pre‑Front‑End Engineering Design
PRMS – Petroleum Resources Management System
PSA – production sharing agreement
RAEX – Russia’s largest non‑credit rating agency
RES – renewable energy sources
RoSPA – Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (UK charity aimed at saving lives and preventing serious injuries from accidents)
SAF – sustainable aviation fuel
SAP – Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing (German company, producer of enterprise software)
SDG – United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals
SGI – sour gas injection systems
SGP – Second Generation Plant
SOx – Sulphur Oxides (Group of sulphur oxides with the general formula SO(x))
SPE‑PRMS – Society of Petroleum Engineers’ Petroleum Resources Management System
SPP – solar power plant
SRS – Social Responsibility Scale
TCFD – Task Force on Climate‑related Financial Disclosures
TEU – twenty‑foot equivalent unit
TGP – Third Generation Plant
UN – United Nations
VAT – Value Added Tax
WPMP – Wellhead Pressure Management Project
WPP – wind power plant
WRI – World Resources Institute